Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are common, particularly among women of childbearing age. While typically benign, fibroids can cause symptoms and complications that affect a woman’s quality of life. In this blog, we will explore what uterine fibroids are, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are tumors made from the muscle tissue of the uterus. They can vary in size from tiny, undetectable growths to large masses that alter the shape of the uterus. Fibroids grow in different parts of the uterus, and their classification depends on their location:
- Intramural Fibroids: The most common type, developing within the muscular wall of the uterus.
- Submucosal Fibroids: Located beneath the inner lining of the uterus, often causing heavy menstrual bleeding.
- Subserosal Fibroids: Develop on the outer surface of the uterus and can press on nearby organs.
- Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached to the uterus by a stalk and can grow inside or outside the uterus.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to their development:
- Hormonal Influence: Estrogen and progesterone, hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, can promote fibroid growth. Fibroids often grow during reproductive years and shrink after menopause.
- Genetics: Family history plays a role—women with mothers or sisters who have fibroids are at higher risk.
- Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Obesity, high blood pressure, and a diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of developing fibroids.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Many women with fibroids have no symptoms and may be unaware of their presence. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:
- Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Prolonged or heavy periods, potentially leading to anemia and fatigue.
- Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Large fibroids may cause a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the pelvis.
- Frequent Urination: Pressure on the bladder can cause an increased need to urinate.
- Reproductive Issues: Fibroids can interfere with pregnancy, leading to miscarriage, preterm labor, or complications during childbirth.
- Abdominal Mass or Bloating: In some cases, large fibroids can cause noticeable swelling or the sensation of a mass in the abdomen, sometimes leading to a distended appearance.
Treatment Options
Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on several factors, including the size and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and the woman’s fertility goals. Options include:
- Watchful Waiting: If fibroids are not causing significant symptoms, monitoring them may be the best course, particularly for women nearing menopause.
- Medications: Hormonal treatments can shrink fibroids or reduce heavy bleeding. Non-hormonal medications can help manage pain and bleeding.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Uterine artery embolization, myomectomy, or MRI-guided focused ultrasound can reduce fibroid size or remove them while preserving the uterus.
- Surgery: In cases of severe symptoms, a myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus) or a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary.
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are common and often manageable. By understanding the symptoms and available treatment options, women can make informed decisions about their health. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing related symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment strategy for your needs.
For more information or to schedule a consultation, contact us at Little Stars & She Women and Children’s Hospital. We’re here to support you in every step of your healthcare journey.
